When designing VHDL for safety-critical FPGA applications, it’s not enough to write testbenches at best-effort. You have to present proof that the module works as intended and without undesirable side-effects.

Formal verification techniques can help you map a requirement to a test, proving that your VHDL module conforms to the specification. It’s an instrumental tool for verifying healthcare applications or gaining DO-254 certification for airborne FPGA solutions.

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This tutorial covers using the Integrated Logic Analyzer (ILA) and Virtual Input/Output (VIO) cores to debug and monitor your VHDL design in the Xilinx Vivado IDE.

In many cases, designers are in need to perform on-chip verification. That is, gaining access to an internal signal’s behavior in their FPGA design for verification purposes.

One option is to bring these signals to the FPGA pins and connect them to LEDs to see their behavior visually.

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Text strings in VHDL are generally limited to fixed-length character arrays. That makes sense because VHDL describes hardware, and generic-length strings require dynamic memory.

To define an array of strings, you have to allocate space at compile-time for the highest number of strings you want to store. And even worse, you must decide on the strings’ max length and pad every occurrence to that number of characters. The code below shows an example usage of such a construct.

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Radio-controlled (RC) model servos are tiny actuators typically used in hobbyist model planes, cars, and boats. They allow the operator to control the vehicle via a radio link remotely. Because RC models have been around for a long time, the de-facto standard interface is pulse-width modulation (PWM), rather than a digital scheme.

Fortunately, it’s easy to implement PWM with the precise timing that an FPGA can exert on its output pins. In this article,

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Most VHDL simulators use the Tool Command Language (Tcl) as their scripting language. When you type a command in the console of the simulator, you are using Tcl. Furthermore, you can create scripts with Tcl that run in the simulator and interact with your VHDL code.

In this article, we will create a self-checking testbench that used Tcl instead of VHDL to verify that a VHDL module behaves correctly.

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How do you stop the VHDL simulator when the simulation is complete? There are several ways to do that. In this article, we will examine the most common ways to end a successful testbench run.

The VHDL code presented here is universal, and it should work in any capable VHDL simulator. For the methods involving Tcl, I will list the commands for the ModelSim and Vivado simulators.

You can download an example project with the four different testbenches from this article if you have ModelSim installed.

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I’ve noticed that many of the gadgets that I’ve bought the last couple of years have shifted away from LED blinking to led breathing. Most electronic gizmos contain a status LED whose behavior gives away indications of what’s going on inside of the device.

My electric toothbrush flashes an LED when it’s time to recharge it, and my mobile phone uses the LED to call my attention for a wide variety of reasons.

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